Major Aspects of Scientific Knowledge: Methodological Discourse

Abstract

The article explores the role and significance o f c ontemporary m ethodological d iscourses in the development of the philosophy of scientific knowledge. It is noted that this is determined by the actualization of the problem of how and why to educate the younger generation in the conditions of the information-digital revolution, amidst the dynamics of challenges in the global world, and the establishment of a new system of values. It is emphasized that in order to shape competencies among students and learners, forming abilities for competitiveness, purposefulness, independent decision-making, there must be conceptualized philosophical and methodological prerequisites. These prerequisites constitute the essence of scientific knowledge, its philosophical comprehension, and productive learning. It is noted that today, alongside traditional methodological discourses, it is important to consider a nontraditional set of methodological practices, closely aligned with metaphors, artistic thinking, developed within the existential-anthropological tradition of cognition. The article points out that today, alongside the further development of both types of philosophical-methodological practices, the issue of their interrelation, mutual penetration, and synthesis is being addressed. To address this challenge, the importance of the “methodological anarchism” concept and its role in the advancement of contemporary philosophy of knowledge and education is emphasized. Special attention is focused on the methodology of postmodern philosophy, which forms the distinctiveness, uniqueness, and independence of personality as a result of the process of understanding the modern world. And for this, it is not just knowledge that is needed, but the ability to apply them in cognitive activities. It is emphasized that for productive understanding and learning, freedom of choice, freedom of exploration, freedom of thought are necessary, forming the basis for the development of a creative personality.